Pearl Harbor1 essays

Pearl Harbor1 essays Japan had aided in the defeat of Germany by Allied powers, and the Americans seemed to them by preaching self- determination and an open door policy (Goldstein 35). Woodrow Wilson believed that Japands entry into World War I, and its intervention during Russias civil war (Rusbridger 55). Japanese learned that power was its on justification (Rusbridger 56). The Japanese also became aware that power rather than national law (Rusbridger 55). Japan accepted such a World and became an apartment pupil of the West (Marcello 29). Japanese leaders presumed that imperialism was the equivalent of being modern and civilized (Marcello 29). Internation relations were characterized by power politics, aggressive nationalism and Western colinialism (Clarke 101). The label Japan the overt attacker while portraying the United States as an innocent victim (Goldstein 23). Japanese bombed civilian population in China, these attacks were not on the massive scale of the bombing by Germany, Great Bri tain and United States (Goldstein 23). American military authorities in the 1920s and 1930s carried out the fighting based on simulated Japansese attacked on Pearl Harbor that looked like the real one (Wray 1). Japanese attacked on Pearl Harbor leaded greater charity for the causes of Pacific War (Wray 1). ...

Marian Wright Edelman, Childrens Rights Activist

Marian Wright Edelman, Children's Rights Activist Marian Wright Edelman (born June 6, 1939) is an American lawyer, educator, and childrens rights activist. In 1973, she founded the Childrens Defense Fund, an advocacy and research group. Edelman was the first African-American woman to be admitted to the Mississippi state bar. Fast Facts: Marian Wright Edelman Known For: Edelman is a childrens rights advocate who founded the Childrens Defense Fund.Born: June 6, 1939 in Bennettsville, South CarolinaParents: Arthur Jerome Wright and Maggie Leola BowenEducation: Spelman College, Yale Law SchoolAwards and Honors: MacArthur Fellowship, Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism, National Womens Hall of Fame, Community of Christ International Peace Award, Presidential Medal of FreedomSpouse: Peter Edelman  (m.  1968)Children: Joshua, Jonah, EzraNotable Quote: So much of Americas tragic and costly failure to care for all its children stems from our tendency to distinguish between our own children and other peoples children- as if justice were divisible. Early Life Marian Wright Edelman was born on born June 6, 1939, and raised in Bennettsville, South Carolina, one of five children. Her father Arthur Wright was a Baptist preacher who taught his children that Christianity required service in this world and was influenced by A. Phillip Randolph. Her mother was Maggie Leola Bowen. Marians father died when she was only 14 years old. In his last words to her, he urged her not to let anything get in the way of your education. Education Edelman went on to study at Spelman College. She studied abroad on a Merrill scholarship and later traveled to the Soviet Union on a Lisle fellowship. When she returned to Spelman in 1959, Edelman became involved in the civil rights movement. This work inspired her to drop her plans to enter the foreign service and study law instead. As a law student at Yale University, she worked on a project to register African-American voters in Mississippi. Career In 1963 after graduating from Yale Law School, Edelman worked first in New York for the NAACP Legal and Defense Fund and then in Mississippi for the same organization. There, she became the first African-American woman to practice law. During her time in Mississippi, she worked on racial justice issues connected with the civil rights movement and helped get a Head Start program established in her community. During a tour by Robert Kennedy and Joseph Clark of Mississippis poverty-ridden Delta slums, Marian met Peter Edelman, an assistant to Kennedy, and the next year she moved to Washington, D.C., to marry him and to work for social justice in the center of Americas political scene. The couple had three sons: Joshua, Jonah, and Ezra. Jonah is the founder of Stand for Children, a group that promotes childrens education initiatives, and Ezra is a documentary filmmaker who won an Emmy for his film O.J.: Made in America. In Washington, D.C., Edelman continued her social justice work, helping to organize Martin Luther Kings Poor Peoples Campaign and assisting with the efforts of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She then began to focus on issues related to child development and child poverty. Childrens Defense Fund In 1973, Edelman established the Childrens Defense Fund as a voice for poor, minority, and disabled children. She served as a public speaker on behalf of these children, and also as a lobbyist in Congress and both president and administrative head of the organization. The agency served not only as an advocacy organization, but as a research center, documenting the problems of children in need and searching for ways to help them. To keep the agency independent, she saw that it was financed entirely with private funds. The Childrens Defense Fund has supported a variety of the legislation, including the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which created protections for children with disabilities in the classroom; the Childrens Health Insurance Program, which expanded health insurance coverage for children; and the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, which improved foster care programs. Edelman has published several books about her ideas. The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children and Yours was a surprising success. In the 1990s after Bill Clinton was elected President, First Lady Hillary Clintons involvement with the Childrens Defense Fund brought significant attention to the organization. But Edelman did not pull her punches in criticizing the Clinton administrations legislative agenda- including its welfare reform initiatives- when she believed it would be disadvantageous to the nations neediest children. In 1993, the Childrens Defense Fund launched a Freedom Schools initiative to promote literacy and learning through reading. The group also launched a program that awards college scholarships and trains young leaders. The Childrens Defense Fund has also been involved in efforts to help low-income families with childcare and healthcare. As part of the efforts of the Childrens Defense Fund, Edelman has also advocated for pregnancy prevention, child care funding, health care funding, prenatal care, and gun control. In 1985, she received a MacArthur Genius grant, and in 1991 she was named ABCs Person of the Week- The Childrens Champion. Edelman is also the recipient of more than 65 honorary degrees. In 2000, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom- one of the nations highest honors. Books Edelman is the author of numerous books for children and adults. Her titles for young readers include Im Your Child, God: Prayers for Our Children, Guide My Feet: Prayers and Meditations for Our Children, The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children and Yours, and Stand for Children. Edelmans books for adults include Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors, I Dream a World, and Families in Peril: An Agenda for Social Change. Sources Edelman, Marian Wright.  The Measure of Our Success: a Letter to My Children and Yours. Beacon Press, 1993.Siegel, Beatrice.  Marian Wright Edelman: the Making of a Crusader. Simon Schuster, 1995.

Monitor and improve customer service Assignment

Monitor and improve customer service - Assignment Example The firm is expecting at least twice the number of waiting calls in relation to the calls that are active (Tugnoli ). The indicator will focus on the number of calls that will lead to the resolving of a particular problem as put forward by the customers. The institution will need at least ten calls from the consumers in order to look into a particular problem (Parmenter). The number will eliminate any doubts in the existence of the problem. The perspective will focus on registering the opinions by customers about the provision of the services by the agents of the business entity (Kerzner). The feedbacks will ensure the apprehension of consumer needs and the upgrade as per the consumer satisfaction. The aspect will register the time that elapses when an agent attends to the client. The information will evaluate the efficiency of the workforce. The time measure will also register the ability of the institution in handling complaints. Every employee objective has a link with at least one KPI. The fact will make sure that the evaluation of the performance is simple and efficient. To be more specific, the institution will employ the unit team key performance indicator. The indicator will illustrate the ratio of the difference between the complaints that an agent handles that result to customer satisfaction against the number of the customers that are not satisfied. The KPI illustrates the performance of the human resource. The following questionnaire will focus on acquiring customer feedback as well as registering the performance from the consumers’ perspective. Any information henceforth will be confidential and shall not be available to the public. The title of the essay illustrates the possible upgrades that the customers suggest about the prevailing customer service exercises. The propositions here in also concentrate on the possible weaknesses of the program. Consequently, goes a

Information Tech for Mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information Tech for Mgmt - Essay Example Therefore, working with big data should use systems for bulk data logging for better storage, management, security and federal compliance. The main focus is on the importance of using a data logging system that is made especially for bulk data storage and retrieval. But despite their availability, many still resort to basic log systems or spreadsheets, which are effective in small amounts of data, but may not be adequate when indexing many data, which could result to inconclusive results during a search (Olavsrud 2). Also, of the 207 respondents to the survey, only around half are concerned with big data management, and above half do not have sufficient tools to manage their large amounts of data (Olavsrud 1), and opportunities for growth can get bypassed as a result of non-upgrading. If ordinary logging systems are used, storage can be a problem, as well as filing, indexing and searches. In my opinion, it would be a good change for companies to resort to bulky data management systems, and upgrading their systems can help in making their work and data retrieval faster and more efficient. Lastly, if proper data management is used by these organizations, they could lessen chances of having their data leaked by integrating a security system along with their log management system solution. The upgrade’s benefits can be seen in the long run, especially to those that use previous data to come up with better work

Green revolution Essay Example for Free

Green revolution Essay This chapter of the reading deals with the introduction on what the â€Å"green revolution† is all about. Understandably, the major explanation of the matter is that the entrance of the 21st century in the human history brought about several advancements within the social system that involved environmental destruction. Understandably though, this destruction is something that cannot be easily seen by the human eye. Usually, it is even misunderstood as part of progress. So far, it could be noted that the most prosperous cities in the world today are noted for their huge buildings that bring commercial gains to the local government an not for the parks that could be seen around their territories. Although there maybe some parks with tress in it within their areas, it could be noted that such a structure of natural beauty could not cater to all the people that the city actually holds. This is the reason why there is a great need to return to the â€Å"green†. This means restructuring the ways by which humans recognize the importance of an environment that is characterized by the beauty of nature, which could be fulfilled through applying a new approach in creating architectural designs. This is called the â€Å"green building revolution†. This particular innovative approach in creating new functions for the newly established buildings today is aimed to make the said structures more open to becoming the new source of a new â€Å"breathable† ecosystem for the entire city. Summary: From this chapter, the questions, what, why and where were answered to be able to clarify what the â€Å"green revolution† is all about. From the discussion above, it could be noted that the primary source of this revolution is architecture and the new innovations that they are ready to share to be able to create a 21st century ‘breathable† environment in the middle of every progressive city in the world. CHAPTER 2: What is a green building? Is the color green? No, but its surroundings and even its rooftops are†¦ This is the main idea that the architects are aiming to apply in producing the green building designs. Canada has been among the first cities in the world who first embraced this particular thought. Considerably, as noted from the first chapter, the focus of the movement is to bring in some â€Å"green† environment amidst the tall buildings that embraces its territories. The proposal then entices every owner of building in the city to becoming more concerned of the environment and joining the revolution of making his or her establishment more environment friendly. More than just adding to the aesthetics of the building, the green revolution aims to make the establishments more conducive to work and life itself both in and out. This means that green buildings are also expected to handle interiors that are designed to attract occupants through the â€Å"green† environment that it offers. Undoubtedly, the â€Å"one with nature† theme of such buildings are designed to make life in the cities much better through the incorporation of nature. It is more of like a movement towards coming back to nature. Studies have noted that most health issues related to pollution and stress are reported from the residents of several large cities around the world. Apparently, the lost of trees and other â€Å"green† creations around their area becomes a toll to their health. Through research and continuous observation of the current situation in the metropolitan scene, architects were able to note that bringing back the trees and plants in the cities could reclaim the health of their residents. Summary: This chapter explains why there is the need to bring the large cities around the word back to the suburban lifestyle that welcomes nature as the largest part of the society. The green revolution is described in this chapter as the primary medium that shall bring back the color and breathe of life to the polluted cities of the world. CHAPTER 3: The business case for green buildings Yes it is innovative and environment friendly, but is it profitable? Would not the establishment of the said buildings hurt the finances of the business? These are the primary questions asked by owners of businesses and other owners of buildings [residents and other nonprofit organizations] who were primarily offered with the proposal of the green designs. Of course, being innovative as it is, the owners of buildings that are to be established want to know how much they are supposed to shed off their finances and supposedly â€Å"how much† could they expect in return. According to outstanding repots, a regular American resident spends at least 36% of his earnings and savings on healthcare needs alone. Some buy vitamins to keep their resistance to viruses strong and still they get sick because of the situation of the environments that they are living in. The pollution gets into their body everyday as they get out of their houses, and at times even when they are inside the premises of their homes. On the other hand, employers around the American region spend at least 54% percent of their profit in giving healthcare assistances to their employees every year. Why is this so? Most employees reported to be sick from work are affected by the kind environment that they are trying to live with everyday as they attend to work. This is the reason why a change of structural design has been called into the attention of the owners of the establishments. Summary: Considerably, everyone is expected to have some questions with regards the innovative approach to the new building design proposed. Understandably, this section of the reading tries to answer some of the said queries through the statistical reports gathered by the author himself from several studies that prove the need for having a revolutionary approach in changing the building designs into becoming more environment as well as people friendly. CHAPTER 4: The costs of green building Is it all worth it? To explain the matter further, Jerry Yudelson intended to present a list of benefits that the owners of the buildings and the occupants of the said areas could get from agreeing with the proposal. The said lists are as follows: 1. Better Health: this is primarily because of the wide-open spaces that the design suggests especially on work area designs as well as the home architecture approaches. As the spaces become much easier to move with, more air could come in and out of the area as supported by the greeneries both in an out of the stations making the said buildings more healthy to work with. 2. Better Performance at work: As they are healthier, occupants of the area tend to perform better at work. 3. Better moods and lesser tension: lesser clutter, lesser pollution, lesser stress and lesser tension, that is the math of lessening the sources of negative moods in buildings of work and residences to create a more easy to live with areas. 4. Enhanced aesthetics: of course, the green revolution beautifies everything. The areas are expected to become more livable and much enjoyable to see as well, making it a more relaxing area for those using it everyday. Obviously, as it could be noted from the list, the green revolution decreases the chances on people spending too much money for the unnecessary healthcare costs brought about by a less livable environment. Whatever the amount of money that was given out to be able to integrate the innovation within the design of the buildings could easily be gained back from the benefits that it gives to the occupants of the said establishments. Summary: This chapter shows that although there might be a considerable amount needed to integrate the green building system within an establishment, there are numerous benefits from the said structure that could equal or even outdo the expenses shed out by the owners of the buildings. CHAPTER 5: The future of green building IT is rather foreseen and hoped by the architecture society that the application of the green building design would be more accepted in the industry in the future. AS the need for more greens increase, the application of the system becomes more acceptable. Aside from that the researches conducted about the matter continues to flourish in an aim of developing lesser cost on the application of the suggested design and even increasing its capability of giving off higher benefits to the owners of the buildings. This chapter further notes the need for developing the system not only to become more attractive to the target market but also to become more functional within the system that it aims to penetrate. Summary: Like any other innovations applied today, the green revolution is expected to take several steps to improve more for the sake of implying development in the system that would make it much easier to comply with for the building owners in the cities. CHAPTER 6: The international green building revolution With the impelling warning of increasing global warming effects in the world today, it is highly essential that the systems of building go back to being â€Å"green† or environmental friendly. This would not only reduce the pollution present in cities and building congested areas, it will also increase the aesthetic value of several buildings that would create a homey atmosphere even within the cities. As noted earlier, green roof designs would actually give way to a cleaner air and better surroundings for people living within the city. It would also allow the people living within a building or those utilizing it for business purposes to appreciate nature again and be aware that they are all supposed to be concerned in caring for the environment. Health issues among the people could later on be reduced as well through the creation of the green roof designs. Obviously, the green roof is only a part of the green revolution’s picture. Understandably, many among the major cities around the world have already opened their minds towards the said suggestion. Among the said cities are Canada and Chicago, the entire proposal is now being presented to every target owner in an aim of enticing them into supporting the said project. Summary: The project of making more environmental buildings around the world is indeed a social aim that has been created to cater to the health needs of the people. Hence, an international approach to the said proposal had been proven worthy of consideration from owners of establishments. CHAPTERS 9-14 The revolution in commercial development The revolution in government and nonprofit buildings The revolution in education The revolution in housing The revolution in neighborhood design and mixed-use The revolution in healthcare This group of chapters discusses the suggested design for each kind of building based from the functions that they serve in the society. Likely, the consideration on the function of each establishment could give the designers an overview of what is needed from the area and how could the integration of the green building design could be integrated within the system. Assessing the process by which people are supposed to work around specific areas would give the designers an idea of where to place air ventilation, the green plants and the windows and screens that would intend to open the structure up to let the natural light of sun come in the establishment and create a more natural-themed work area. As noted, the primary aim of this particular proposal is that of protecting the health of the occupants of the areas. Most importantly, through the said approach, the design of the building aims to secure the financial sources of the occupants and the owners as well in an avoidance of spending too much money on health issues. Summary: as noted from this section of the reading, the author intended to outline the different ways by which the establishments are to be designed according to their functions. For offices, space area is a huge concern as well as the ventilation system and other area considerations within the said establishments. Furthermore, for residential areas, it is much better to consider air passage within the different rooms of the house and the arrangement of indoor plants that could get more oxygen in the said area. Green roofs could be applied in any kind of establishment as long as the owners approve of it. CHAPTERS 15-17: The revolution in workplace design The revolution in property management The revolution in building design and construction These chapters introduce to the readers the major designs to be used. As noted from the previous set of chapters, the revolution of the green design actually depends on the function that the area is supposed to handle everyday, In this section a picture of the actual designs is introduced. From the draft of the designs of both the outdoors (including the roof top) and interiors of the area towards the construction process had been carefully outlined within this section of the book. It also shows the different ways by which the design intends to protect the property for a long time in an A+ condition that could cater to its occupants needs and health concerns. Through the outlines posted by the author, an understanding of the focus of proposal could be made clear. It primarily aims to protect the health and finances of the occupants of the establishments as well as the owners at the same time.

Sympathy for the Devil Essay -- Literary Analysis, Frankenstein

The gothic novel is previously associated with being a ‘rebellion against constraining neoclassical aesthetic ideals of order and unity, in order to recover a suppressed primitive and barbaric imaginative freedom.’ (Botting, 1996: 98) It is often considered a premature manifestation of the emerging values of Romanticism. Although the gothic genre is somewhat shadowy and difficult to define it can be seen as having a number of characteristics or conventions. This can be observed in Frankenstein including the ‘stereotypical settings, characters and plots, an interest in the sublime, the production of excessive emotion in the reader, an emphasis on suspense, the notion of the double and the presence of the supernatural.’ (Botting, 1996: 102) The genre develops more than an understanding of the various modes of destructive violence, social repressions, and disturbing sexual energies characterizing particular moments of modernity. It begins to be integral to the formation self-representation and maintenance of the modern world we inhabit. The degree in which the protagonist characters in the novel portrayed as either innately virtuous or evil and its contribution to their identity. The novel Frankenstein finds itself a victim of psychoanalytical criticism. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the identity of Frankenstein and his relation to the creature using the psychoanalytic theory. This essay will discuss the evidence showing the reason why the creature is a more appealing character by observing closely the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his monster. In addition, the epistolary form used in the novel as well as character development will also be referenced. The monster represents a part of Frankenstein's fr... ... the horrific result of in her novel. Frankenstein is more than a ghost story; it is a social narrative and a political manifesto. Neither Victor nor his creation displays actions or attitudes that constitute â€Å"goodness† under this particular perception of human nature. Yet the creature continues to prove him more sympathetic than his creator does because he is far more aware of his own wrongness than Victor is. Victor is appallingly hypocritical; the monster is merely realistic, and indignant towards Victor’s hypocrisy. The creature's acknowledgment for his need of affection is present throughout the entirety of the novel. By acknowledging that he lacks affection, he discovers he needs to search for it since Frankenstein suppressed him from it. It is because affection is unachievable for the creature, despite his efforts, which makes him the victim of this novel. Sympathy for the Devil Essay -- Literary Analysis, Frankenstein The gothic novel is previously associated with being a ‘rebellion against constraining neoclassical aesthetic ideals of order and unity, in order to recover a suppressed primitive and barbaric imaginative freedom.’ (Botting, 1996: 98) It is often considered a premature manifestation of the emerging values of Romanticism. Although the gothic genre is somewhat shadowy and difficult to define it can be seen as having a number of characteristics or conventions. This can be observed in Frankenstein including the ‘stereotypical settings, characters and plots, an interest in the sublime, the production of excessive emotion in the reader, an emphasis on suspense, the notion of the double and the presence of the supernatural.’ (Botting, 1996: 102) The genre develops more than an understanding of the various modes of destructive violence, social repressions, and disturbing sexual energies characterizing particular moments of modernity. It begins to be integral to the formation self-representation and maintenance of the modern world we inhabit. The degree in which the protagonist characters in the novel portrayed as either innately virtuous or evil and its contribution to their identity. The novel Frankenstein finds itself a victim of psychoanalytical criticism. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the identity of Frankenstein and his relation to the creature using the psychoanalytic theory. This essay will discuss the evidence showing the reason why the creature is a more appealing character by observing closely the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his monster. In addition, the epistolary form used in the novel as well as character development will also be referenced. The monster represents a part of Frankenstein's fr... ... the horrific result of in her novel. Frankenstein is more than a ghost story; it is a social narrative and a political manifesto. Neither Victor nor his creation displays actions or attitudes that constitute â€Å"goodness† under this particular perception of human nature. Yet the creature continues to prove him more sympathetic than his creator does because he is far more aware of his own wrongness than Victor is. Victor is appallingly hypocritical; the monster is merely realistic, and indignant towards Victor’s hypocrisy. The creature's acknowledgment for his need of affection is present throughout the entirety of the novel. By acknowledging that he lacks affection, he discovers he needs to search for it since Frankenstein suppressed him from it. It is because affection is unachievable for the creature, despite his efforts, which makes him the victim of this novel.

Corporate Culture

Corporate culture has been said to be the toughest component of a business to change. Do you agree or disagree with this statement and why? I do believe In this statement and believe that It Is actually true. The company's culture Is something that consists of the values, norms, and the goals of the organization. When all of these things are put together, they form the culture of that company. Any company that is being unethical can obtain all of these goals. However, they must surely stand to fall in the future. Unethical behavior will always come to the light in given time.If a company selects to run In an organized, ethical way – then the company will surely not need to change their culture but to build on It and Increase positivist in It. A company that hasn't been running so smoothly and In the ethical way will have a hard time in changing its ways. When we think of culture – we think of a large term with a large meaning. For example, if the United States wanted to change something culturally, then we would have a very hard time in doing so. First because our ultra is NOT to do what someone else says to do but what we, in general, say to do.It can be the same with a business. Even though It may be easy for the company to see the rewards of changing the culture of the business, actually Implementing and following that change will be difficult. Define the five types of power according to French and Raven's theory. Provide examples of each. According to this theory, there are 5 types of power: Coercive, Reward, Legitimate, Referent, and Expert. Coercive power is something, or an action, that someone in power will take in order to make hangs go their way. Threats and punishment are common tools of coercion. Implying or threatening that someone will be fired, demoted, denied privileges, or given undesirable assignments (French and Ravens Five Forms of Power, Reward power is something that someone will do in order to â€Å"praise† an employe e; obviously only a person who has access and the ability to reward people. † Raises, promotions, desirable assignments, training opportunities, and even simple compliments (French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, n. D)†.Legitimate power is a â€Å"type of power that can be unpredictable and unstable. If you lose the title or position, legitimate power can Instantly disappear – since others were Influenced by the position, not by you. Also, your scope of power Is limited to situations that others believe you have a right to control. If the fire chief tells people to stay away from a burning building, they'll probably listen. But if he tries to make people stay away from a street fight, people may well ignore him (French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, n. . )†. Referent power â€Å"Is sometimes thought of as charisma, charm, admiration, or appeal. Referent power comes from one person Liking and respecting another, and strongly Identifying with that person In some way. Celebrities have referent power, which is why they can influence everything from what people buy to whom they elect to office. In a workplace, a person with charm often makes everyone feel good, so he or she tends to have a lot of influence (French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, n. D. )†.Lastly, expert power is† when you have knowledge and skills that enable you to understand a situation, suggest solutions, use solid Judgment, and generally outperform others, people will probably listen to you. When you subject matter expert, your ideas will have more value, and others will look to you for leadership in that area (French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, n. D. )†. Reference French and Raven's Five Forms of Power: Understanding Where Power Comes From in the Workplace. (n. D. ). Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www. Middleton. Com/ pages/article/Newell_56. HTML

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was born on May 8th, 1753 to Cristobal Hidalgo y Costilla and Ana Maria Gallaga near Penjamo, Guanajuato. He was considered a Criollo or Mexican of Spanish descent that had been born in the New World. He was a very intelligent man who knew several languages, read French literature and wrote texts in Aztec. In 1773 Hidalgo y Castillo received his bachelor’s degree in theology from the Colegia San Nicolas in Valltolid. He was ordained in 1778 and became the priest for the village of Dolores, Guanajuato in 1803. Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was an unusual priest. Contrary to Church doctrine, Hidalgo y Costilla was known to gamble, dance, challenge the papacy of Rome and keep a mistress. He was also known to speak out against the king of Spain. In 1803, when Hidalgo y Costilla was the priest of Dolores, his house was a well known gathering place. It was the equality in the house that drew people, with poor Indians and castes socializing with Spanish and criollos.  Ã‚   Current events and literary topics were frequently debated, but Hidalgo's orientation grew more scientific as time passed. He was not so interested in literary cultural enlightenment, and was more concerned with the development of social consciousness and economic awareness.   (Hamill 82) Hidalgo y Costilla was very interested in developing Dolores’s ability to be economically self sufficient. Colonists were prohibited from producing many different types of commodities and this made its difficult, if not impossible, for the colonists to become self supporting. Two of these were wine and silkworms, both of which Hidalgo y Costilla encouraged. With the French seizure of Spain in 1808, the imposition of Joseph Bonaparte on the throne, and the creation of the Cà ¡diz junta, Mexico exploded into crisis. The instability revealed acute  social divisions within Mexico. The upper classes sought to establish an autonomous government that would represent their interests, and the lower classes struggled against the dominance of the local elites.†Ã‚   (Kirkwood 75) There were many groups and each had their own list of grievances but they did have a few issues in common. One major criticism was Spain’s inability to govern Mexico properly. Another was the social identity change going on with the Mexicans. They were becoming proud of themselves as a people and changing the attitude that anything European was possibly superior. In 1810, the audiencia in Mexico City took power from Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont. The audiencia was not any better at maintaing stability than any of the others and fearful of weak government leadership, semi-secret groups began meeting to discuss the nations future. To avoid detection, they disguised themselves as debate clubs or literary discussion groups. One such group was the Literary and Social Club of Querà ©taro, of which Father Hidalgo y Costilla was a member. â€Å"Noted as a defender of the downtrodden, well read, and with a capacity to forcibly express his ideas, he emerged as an important participant in the literary club in Querà ©taro.† (Kirkwood 79) It was due to these qualities and the encouragement he had shown the people regarding the creation of their own industries that Hidalgo y Costilla had become the leader of a revolution. Tired of the oppression of Spanish rule, he began planning for Mexico to gain its independence. â€Å"By 1810 Hidalgo's main energies were devoted to conspiring for an uprising that he hoped would lead to Mexican independence. The center of the conspiracy was the city of Querà ©taro, some fifty miles southeast of Dolores on the road to Mexico City. His fellow conspirators, also  criollos, planned to organize an insurrection and seize power from the peninsulares and their al lies. Initially, as a ruse, they would declare their fealty to King Ferdinand VII, but their clear final purpose was independence† (Smith 12,13) The government got word of the uprising and start arresting people who were suspected of participating. Hidalgo y Costilla was informed that this was happening and decided to take action. Racing to the church, he used the bells to call all the parishioners to him and proceeded to make a stirring speech against bad government known as the Grito de Dolores (Shout from Dolores). This speech described the situation and feeling in Mexico so aptly that it is considered the beginning moment of Mexico’s independence and made Hidalgo y Costilla a historical icon. Inspired by the Grito de Dolores, an army of 700 followed Hidalgo y Costilla on a march towards Guanajuato, by the time they were nearly there, the army had grown to almost 20,000 men. Despite his stirring speeches and large crowd of followers, Hidalgo y Costilla soon found he was in charge of an unruly mob rather than a trained army. They overtook the granary at Guanajuato and defeated the royalist soldiers but soon after Hidalgo y Costilla’s mob began destroying property, burning and pillaging and killing landowners and their families. â€Å"These excesses redoubled the resolve of the viceroy in Mexico City to put down the rebellion. Hidalgo and his military commanders were excommunicated, and royalist forces were raised to march north and engage Hidalgo's troops   (Smith 13) It was at this point that Hidalgo y Costilla made his biggest military mistake. He did not realize the forces guarding Mexico City were weak and unprepared. If he had marched on Mexico City and taken it, the war for independence would have been over at that point. Instead he and his mob headed to Queretaro, but when they were defeated, they retreated back to Guanajuato. Hidalgo y Costilla and his army tried to escape to the United States when a large, well trained royalist army appeared outside of Guanajuato, but they were captured before they could cross the border. Hidalgo was arrested, charged and found guilt of heresy and treason. He was also excommunicated by an ecclesiastical court. Now he was no longer considered a priest and was a traitor to the Spanish. â€Å"On the morning of July 30, 1811, the day after his degradation from th   priesthood, Hidalgo went before a firing squad in the courtyard of the former Jesuit College which had been his prison since April.† (Hamill 216) Despite the charges and his execution, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla remains a hero to the people of Mexico. In Dolores, the Casa de Don Miguel Hidalgo, where he lived from 1804 to 1810, is full of furniture and document exhibits from that time. The Museo de la Independencia, or Independence Museum, has been converted from the old prison into a historical arts center. A larger than life bronze statue of Miguel Hidalgo graces the center of the park and all around Dolores are opportunities to purchase Talavera, a type of porcelain introduced by Father Hidalgo. Matamoros, Mexico boasts a main square featuring monuments to Hidalgo and others who lost their lives in the Mexican War of Independence. More tributes and monuments are found throughout Mexico, Texas and surrounding areas. Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla may not have been a war savvy general but his genuine concern for the plight of his people and his encouragement to fight for an independent Mexico has truly made him the â€Å"Father of Mexican Independence.† Works Cited Anderson, Geri. Dolores Hidalgo: Mexico’s Cradle of Independence. 2007. 7 Mar. 2007 Hamill, Hugh M. The Hidalgo Revolt: Prelude to Mexican Independence. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1966. Questia. 5 Mar. 2007 . Kirkwood, Burton. The History of Mexico. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. Questia. 5 Mar. 2007 . Smith, Clint E. Inevitable Partnership:   Understanding Mexico-U.S. Relations. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000. Questia. 6 Mar. 2007 .                                             

Mitsubishi A6M Zero Fighterâ€World War II

Mitsubishi A6M Zero Fighter- World War II Most people hear the word Mitsubishi and think automobiles. But the company was actually established as a shipping firm in 1870 in Osaka Japan, and it quickly diversified. One of its businesses, Mitsubishi Aircraft Company, founded in 1928, would go on to build lethal fighter planes for the  Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. One of those planes was the A6M Zero Fighter. Design Development The design of the A6M Zero began in May 1937, shortly after the introduction of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter. The Imperial Japanese Army had commissioned Mitsubishi and Nakajima both to build the planes, and the two companies  began preliminary design work on a new carrier-based fighter while waiting to receive the final requirements for the aircraft from the army. These were issued in October and were based upon the A5Ms performance in the ongoing  Sino-Japanese  conflicts. The final specifications called for the aircraft to possess two 7.7 mm machine guns, as well as two 20 mm cannon. In addition, each airplane was to have a radio direction finder for navigation and a full radio set. For performance, the Imperial Japanese Navy required that the new design be capable of 310 mph at 13,000 ft. and possess an endurance of two hours at normal power and six to eight hours at cruising speed (with drop tanks). As the aircraft was to be carrier-based, its wingspan was limited to 39 ft. (12m). Stunned by the navys requirements, Nakajima pulled out of the project, believing that such an aircraft could not be designed. At Mitsubishi, the companys chief designer, Jiro Horikoshi, began toying with potential designs. After initial testing, Horikoshi determined that the Imperial Japanese Navys  requirements could be met, but that the aircraft would have to be extremely light. Utilizing a new, top-secret aluminum, T-7178, he created an aircraft that sacrificed protection in favor of weight and speed. As a result, the new design lacked armor to protect the pilot, as well as the self-sealing fuel tanks that were becoming standard on military aircraft. Possessing retractable landing gear and a low-wing monoplane design, the new A6M was one of the most modern fighters in the world when it completed testing.   Specifications Entering service in 1940, the A6M became known as the Zero based on its official designation of Type 0 Carrier Fighter. A quick and nimble aircraft, it was a few inches under 30 feet in length, with a wingspan of 39.5 feet, and a height of 10 feet. Other than its armaments, it held only one crew member, the pilot, who was the sole operator of the  2 Ãâ€" 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Type 97 machine gun. It was outfitted with two 66-lb. and one 132-lb. combat-style bombs, and two fixed 550-lb. Kamikaze-style bombs. It had a range of 1,929 miles, a maximum speed of 331 mph, and could fly as high as 33,000 feet. Operational History In early 1940, the first A6M2, Model 11 Zeros arrived in China and quickly proved themselves as the best fighter in the conflict. Fitted with a 950 hp Nakajima Sakae 12 engine, the Zero swept Chinese opposition from the skies. With the new engine, the aircraft exceeded its design specifications and a new version with folding wingtips, the A6M2, Model 21, was pushed into production for carrier use. For much of World War II, the Model 21 was the version of the Zero that was encountered by Allied aviators. A superior dogfighter than the early Allied fighters, the Zero was able to out-maneuver its opposition. To combat this, Allied pilots developed specific tactics for dealing with the aircraft. These included the Thach Weave, which required two Allied pilots working in tandem, and the Boom-and-Zoom, which saw Allied pilots fighting on the dive or climb. In both cases, the Allies benefited from the Zeros complete lack of protection, as a single burst of fire was generally enough to down the aircraft. This contrasted with Allied fighters, such as the P-40 Warhawk and F4F Wildcat, which, though less maneuverable, were extremely rugged and difficult to bring down. Nevertheless, the Zero was responsible for destroying at least 1,550 American aircraft between 1941 and 1945. Never substantially updated or replaced, the Zero remained the Imperial Japanese Navys  primary fighter throughout the war. With the arrival of new Allied fighters, such as the F6F Hellcat and F4U Corsair, the Zero was quickly eclipsed. Faced with superior opposition and a dwindling supply of trained pilots, the Zero saw its kill ratio drop from 1:1 to over 1:10. During the course of the war, over 11,000 A6M Zeros were produced. While Japan was the only nation to employ the aircraft on a large scale, several captured Zeros were used by the newly-proclaimed Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949).

Nobelium Facts - No Element

Nobelium Facts - No Element NobeliumBasic Facts Atomic Number: 102 Symbol: No Atomic Weight: 259.1009 Discovery: 1957 (Sweden) by the Nobel Institute for Physics; April 1958 at Berkeley by A. Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, J.R. Walton, and G.T. Seaborg Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 Word Origin: Named for Alfred Nobel, discoverer of dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prize. Isotopes: Ten isotopes of nobelium are recognized. Nobelium-255 has a half-life of 3 minutes. Nobelium-254 has a half-life of 55-s, Nobelium-252 has a half-life of 2.3-s, and Nobelium-257 has a half-life of 23-s. Sources: Ghiorso and his colleagues used a double-recoil technique. A heavy-ion linear accelerator was used to bombard a thin target of curium (95% Cm-244 and 4.5% Cm-246) with C-12 ions to produce No-102. The reaction proceeded according to the 246Cm(12C, 4n) reaction. Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth Element (Actinide Series) Nobelium Physical Data Melting Point (K): 1100 Appearance: Radioactive, synthetic metal. Atomic Radius (pm): 285 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.3 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): (640) Oxidation States: 3, 2 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Patriot Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Patriot Act - Research Paper Example The Department of Justice designed and developed the drafts for this new law. This legislation is intended to fortify the measures and reinforce the available tools to deal with domestic and international terrorism. It also provides a number of new techniques to the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation and federal prosecutors (Jenks). Under these interventions, the US agencies can identify and prosecute terrorist networks at the national and international levels. Central to the US PATRIOT Act is its unique feature of streamlining communications between the different agencies addressing terrorism and terrorist activities. This Act has simplified the task of investigation and surveillance, by introducing less involved procedures. Funding for the victims of terrorist acts and the families of such victims has been substantially enhanced under the provisions of this exemplary Act. Moreover, it provides ample funds for reconstructing infrastructure and business that had been destroyed or damaged by terrorism (Fritscher). This Act has been sub – divided into 10 sections or titles. These titles consist of several sections that explain the provisions of that particular title. A concrete definition is provided in the titles and sections to the federal government. The aim of this delineation is to clarify the powers conferred upon the enforcement agencies, with regard to the investigation of terrorist activities. It is important to note that the provisions of the US PATRIOT Act also contain several checks and balances that are aimed at preventing the abuse of power (Fritscher). Argument 1 The USA PATRIOT Act establishes special scrutiny measures for foreign jurisdictions. Thus, enforcement officials can prosecute international terrorist organizations and foreign financial institutions. It also empowers them to deal with certain classes of international transactions and accounts, if these are suspected of being put to criminal use. This Act r equires all international financial service agencies to monitor their transactions and to report any instances of money laundering. The Act further strengthens measures to prevent the misuse of the US financial system for personal gains, by corrupt foreign officials (USA PATRIOT Act). In addition, it provides mechanisms to repatriate stolen assets to the country to which they belong. Prior to the enactment of the US PATRIOT Act, the law enforcement agencies of the US had found it very difficult to take direct action, in order to prevent acts of terrorism or to monitor terrorist activity in the country. It was believed in many quarters that substantial alterations had to be made to the existing laws, if the contemporary terrorist organizations were to be dealt with in a competent manner (Patriot Act 2001). These terrorist organizations, such as the notorious al Qaeda, were very well organized and had access to the highly sophisticated contemporary communications technology. The propo nents of increased domestic surveillance have rightly claimed that the harm caused by the possibility of breach of the rights of the US citizens was insignificant. This was in comparison to the immeasurable harm that terrorists could inflict upon the nation, by taking advantage of the absence of domestic surveillance. Such surveillance is indispensable if another terrorist attack of the